Перевод: с английского на все языки

со всех языков на английский

to control outburst

  • 1 control outburst

    Универсальный англо-русский словарь > control outburst

  • 2 control outburst

    Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > control outburst

  • 3 to control outburst

    1. предупреждать выброс

    Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > to control outburst

  • 4 to control outburst

    Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > to control outburst

  • 5 control

    1. управление || управлять
    2. контроль || контролировать
    3. pl. органы управления; рычаги управления
    4. борьба (напр., с проявлениями в скважине), контроль; наблюдение

    control of formation pressure — борьба с проявлениями пластового давления при бурении, сдерживание пластового давления

    control of high pressure wells — контроль скважин высокого давления, сдерживание давления в высоконапорных скважинах


    * * *
    1. контроль; проверка
    2. управление; регулирование
    3. орган управления; управляющее устройство

    * * *
    управление; контроль; механизм подачи; сеть опорных точек (геодезическая основа, привязка); наблюдение

    * * *
    регулирование, настройка; контроль; управление

    * * *
    1) контроль; проверка
    2) управление; регулирование
    3) орган управления (/i]); управляющее устройство
    4) борьба (напр. с проявлениями в скважине)
    •

    control over encountered subsurface pressures — контроль давления во вскрытых пластах;

    - control of formation pressure
    - control of gas oil ratio
    - control of high pressure well
    - automatic drilling control
    - automatic process control
    - automatic winch control
    - blowout control
    - blowout preventer control
    - casing string cementing quality control
    - cementing quality control
    - centralized control
    - choke control
    - circulation-loss control
    - clay control
    - complete control
    - computerized production control
    - corrosion control
    - counterweight swing control
    - damage control
    - depth control
    - direct supporting feed control
    - drill control
    - driller's control
    - drilling control
    - drilling mud properties control
    - drilling mud rheological properties control
    - drilling process control
    - elastic control
    - facies control of oil occurrence
    - fail-safe control
    - failure control
    - failure recurrence control
    - feed control
    - feed control of direct supporting type
    - field development control
    - fire control
    - flow control
    - flow-ratio control
    - formation pressure control
    - gas-hydration control
    - gas-oil level control
    - gas-production control
    - ground control
    - hole deviation control
    - hydraulic control
    - hydraulic control of disk clutch
    - hydraulic drilling control
    - inspection control
    - interface level control
    - level control
    - lever control
    - liquid level control
    - loss control
    - lost circulation control
    - maintainability control
    - maintenance control
    - manufacturing reliability control
    - mud control
    - nuclear powered blowout presenter controls
    - oil-losses control
    - oil-production control
    - oil-spill control
    - oil-stock loss control
    - paraffin control
    - pipeline control
    - pipeline dispatch control
    - pollution control
    - pressure control
    - preventive control
    - producing well control
    - production control
    - reliability control
    - reliability data control
    - refinery control
    - remote control
    - reverse control
    - safety control
    - sand control
    - sand pressure control
    - scale control
    - serviceability control
    - solids control
    - stepless speed control
    - teletype control
    - temperature control
    - throttle control
    - tie-bottom control
    - tong-torque control
    - total drilling control
    - total mechanical solids control
    - traffic control
    - valve control
    - water control
    - weight control
    - weight-on-bit control
    - well control
    - well boring control
    - well production control
    - well velocity control
    - withdrawal rate control
    * * *

    Англо-русский словарь нефтегазовой промышленности > control

  • 6 outburst

    outburst ['aʊtbɜ:st]
    accès m, explosion f;
    ∎ a sudden outburst of violence (from a group) une soudaine explosion de violence; (from an individual) un accès de brutalité;
    ∎ a sudden outburst of temper un accès de mauvaise humeur;
    ∎ you must control these outbursts il faut que vous appreniez à garder votre sang-froid;
    ∎ he apologized for his outburst il s'est excusé de s'être remporté

    Un panorama unique de l'anglais et du français > outburst

  • 7 temper

    {'tempə}
    I. 1. регулирам, темперирам, правя по-умерен/по-мек/по-слаб чрез размесване с нещо друго, смекчавам (и прен.)
    to TEMPER strong drink with water pазреждам силно питие с вода
    to TEMPER justice with mercy прилагам не само правосъдие, но и милост
    2. прен. смекчавам, успокоявам, уталожвам
    3. калявам метал/стъкло, калявам се, достигам до състояние на закаленост (за метал, стъкло)
    4. прен. закалявам, заякчавам
    5. омесвам (глина и пр.) с вода, за да омекне, ставам мек и гъвкав
    6. муз. привеждам в хармония с, темперирам
    7. ост. смесвам, размесвам в необходимото съотношение
    II. 1. метал. закаляване, закалка
    2. годност за обработване, гъвкавост, еластичност, мекота и пр
    3. нрав, характер, природа
    a man of stubborn/fiery, etc. TEMPER упорит/пламенен и пр. човек
    4. избухливост, раздразнителност, невъздържаност
    to show TEMPER кисел/сприхав/раздразнителен съм
    to have a TEMPER избухлив съм, лесно избухвам
    to get/fly/go into a TEMPER кипвам, ядосвам се, избухвам
    5. сдържаност, самообладание
    to keep/control/hold one's TEMPER запазвам спокойствие, не се ядосвам, сдържам се, въздържам се
    out of TEMPER (with) сърдит (на)
    6. настроение
    to be out of TEMPER не съм в настроение
    to be in no TEMPERfor нямам настроение за
    7. сръдня, яд (особ. за дете)
    a fit/outburst of TEMPER изблик на яд, пристъп на раздразнителност/опърничавост
    to be in a TEMPER ядосан/разгневен съм
    * * *
    {'tempъ} v 1. регулирам, темперирам, правя по-умерен/по-мек/по(2) {'tempъ} n 1. метал. закаляване, закалка; 2. годност за об
    * * *
    характер; сръдня; темперамент; темперирам; регулирам; закалка; калявам; настроение; нрав;
    * * *
    1. a fit/outburst of temper изблик на яд, пристъп на раздразнителност/опърничавост 2. a man of stubborn/fiery, etc. temper упорит/пламенен и пр. човек 3. i. регулирам, темперирам, правя по-умерен/по-мек/по-слаб чрез размесване с нещо друго, смекчавам (и прен.) 4. ii. метал. закаляване, закалка 5. out of temper (with) сърдит (на) 6. to be in a temper ядосан/разгневен съм 7. to be in no temperfor нямам настроение за 8. to be out of temper не съм в настроение 9. to get/fly/go into a temper кипвам, ядосвам се, избухвам 10. to have a temper избухлив съм, лесно избухвам 11. to keep/control/hold one's temper запазвам спокойствие, не се ядосвам, сдържам се, въздържам се 12. to show temper кисел/сприхав/раздразнителен съм 13. to temper justice with mercy прилагам не само правосъдие, но и милост 14. to temper strong drink with water pазреждам силно питие с вода 15. годност за обработване, гъвкавост, еластичност, мекота и пр 16. избухливост, раздразнителност, невъздържаност 17. калявам метал/стъкло, калявам се, достигам до състояние на закаленост (за метал, стъкло) 18. муз. привеждам в хармония с, темперирам 19. настроение 20. нрав, характер, природа 21. омесвам (глина и пр.) с вода, за да омекне, ставам мек и гъвкав 22. ост. смесвам, размесвам в необходимото съотношение 23. прен. закалявам, заякчавам 24. прен. смекчавам, успокоявам, уталожвам 25. сдържаност, самообладание 26. сръдня, яд (особ. за дете)
    * * *
    temper[´tempə] I. v 1. регулирам, темперирам, смекчавам, правя по-умерен (по-мек, по-слаб) (чрез размесване с нещо друго); to \temper justice with mercy смекчавам правосъдието с милост, прилагам не само правосъдие, но и милост; 2. муз. темперирам; 3. ост. размесвам; смесвам; 4. калявам ( метал); калявам се (и прен.), достигам до състояние на закаленост (за метал); 5. приготвям смес, омесвам (глина и пр. с вода), за да може да се обработва; ставам мек и гъвкав; 6. отстранявам отстатъчни напрежения; 7. навлажнявам ( кожи); 8. дефектовам (захарен сок); II. n 1. нрав, характер, същност, природа; a mаn of stubborn (fiery etc.) \temper човек с упорит (буен и пр.) нрав, упорит (пламенен и пр.) човек; 2. настроение, състояние; good ( bad) \temper добро (лошо) настроение; to lose o.'s \temper излизам от кожата си, разсърдвам се, ядосвам се; to regain o.'s \temper успокоявам се, възвръщам си доброто настроение; out of \temper в лошо настроение; 3. сръдня, яд (особ. за дете); a fit \temper ( an outburst) of \temper изблик на яд; to be in a \temper ядосан съм; to fly ( get) into a \temper избухвам; to show \temper проявявам сприхавост (раздразнение); 4. мет. закалка; съдържание на въглерод; 5. годност за обработване (на глина и пр.).

    English-Bulgarian dictionary > temper

  • 8 temper

    1. noun
    1) (disposition) Naturell, das

    be in a good/bad temper — gute/schlechte Laune haben; gut/schlecht gelaunt sein

    be in a foul or filthy temper — eine miese Laune haben (ugs.)

    keep/lose one's temper — sich beherrschen/die Beherrschung verlieren

    lose one's temper with somebody — die Beherrschung bei jemandem verlieren

    2) (anger)

    fit/outburst of temper — Wutanfall, der/-ausbruch, der

    be in/get into a temper — wütend sein/werden ( over wegen)

    2. transitive verb
    mäßigen; mildern [Trostlosigkeit, Strenge, Kritik]
    * * *
    ['tempə] 1. noun
    1) (a state of mind; a mood or humour: He's in a bad temper.) die Stimmung
    2) (a tendency to become (unpleasant when) angry: He has a terrible temper.) die Laune
    3) (a state of anger: She's in a temper.) die Gereiztheit
    2. verb
    1) (to bring metal to the right degree of hardness by heating and cooling: The steel must be carefully tempered.) härten
    2) (to soften or make less severe: One must try to temper justice with mercy.) mildern
    •
    - academic.ru/83883/-tempered">-tempered
    - keep one's temper
    - lose one's temper
    * * *
    tem·per
    [ˈtempəʳ, AM -ɚ]
    I. n
    1. usu sing (state of mind) Laune f; (angry state) Wut f kein pl; (predisposition to anger) Reizbarkeit f kein pl
    what a foul \temper you're in! hast du eine üble Laune!
    \tempers were getting [rather] frayed [or short] die Stimmung wurde [ziemlich] gereizt
    display [or fit] of \temper Temperamentsausbruch m; (angry) Wutanfall m
    to be in a bad/good \temper schlecht [o übel] /gut gelaunt sein
    to get into a \temper [about sth] sich akk [über etw akk] aufregen
    to control one's \temper sein Temperament zügeln
    to have a \temper leicht reizbar sein
    to keep one's \temper sich akk beherrschen, ruhig bleiben
    to lose one's \temper die Geduld verlieren
    in a \temper wütend
    2. usu sing (characteristic mood) Naturell nt
    she has a very sweet \temper sie hat ein sehr sanftes Wesen
    he is a man of violent \temper er hat ein ungezügeltes Temperament
    3. no pl of metal Härte f
    II. vt
    1. ( form: mitigate)
    ▪ to \temper sth with sth etw durch etw akk ausgleichen
    to \temper one's criticism seine Kritik abschwächen
    to \temper one's enthusiasm seine Begeisterung zügeln [o im Zaum halten
    2. (make hard)
    ▪ to \temper sth etw härten [o fachspr tempern]
    to \temper iron Eisen glühfrischen fachspr
    3. (add water)
    ▪ to \temper sth etw anrühren
    to \temper colours [or AM colors] Farben anrühren
    4. MUS
    ▪ to \temper sth etw temperieren
    * * *
    ['tempə(r)]
    1. n
    1) (= disposition) Wesen nt, Naturell nt; (= angry mood) Wut f

    to be in a good/bad temper — guter/schlechter Laune sein

    he was not in the best of tempers — er war nicht gerade bester Laune

    she's got a terrible/foul/vicious temper — sie kann sehr unangenehm/ausfallend/tückisch werden

    what a temper that child has! — was dieses Kind für Wutanfälle hat!

    to be in a ( bad) temper with sb/over or about sth — auf jdn/wegen einer Sache (gen) wütend sein

    temper, temper! — aber, aber, wer wird denn gleich so zornig werden!

    to fly into a temper — einen Wutanfall bekommen, in die Luft gehen (inf)

    to put sb in a temper, to get sb's temper up — jdn zur Weißglut bringen, jdn wütend machen

    he has quite a temper —

    to be out of temper (old) — verstimmt sein, übel gelaunt sein

    I hope he can control his temper — ich hoffe, er kann sich unter Kontrolle halten

    2) (of metal) Härte f, Härtegrad m
    2. vt
    1) metal tempern
    3) (fig) action, passion mäßigen; criticism mildern; enthusiasm zügeln

    to be tempered by concern/realism — mit Fürsorge/Realismus vermischt sein

    * * *
    temper [ˈtempə(r)]
    A s
    1. Temperament n, Naturell n, Veranlagung f, Gemüt(sart) n(f):
    good temper Gutmütigkeit f, ausgeglichenes Wesen; → even2 A 3
    2. Stimmung f, Laune f:
    in a good ( in a bad oder in an ill) temper (bei) guter (schlechter) Laune
    3. Gereiztheit f, Zorn m:
    be in a temper gereizt oder wütend sein;
    fly ( oder get) into a temper in Wut geraten
    4. Gemütsruhe f (obs außer in den Redewendungen):
    keep one’s temper ruhig bleiben;
    lose one’s temper in Wut geraten, die Geduld verlieren;
    be out of temper übellaunig sein;
    put sb out of temper jemanden wütend machen
    5. Zusatz m, Beimischung f
    6. besonders TECH richtige Mischung
    7. TECH Härte(grad) f(m)
    8. obs
    a) Kompromiss m/n
    b) Mittelding n
    B v/t
    1. mildern, mäßigen, abschwächen ( alle:
    with durch)
    2. TECH Mörtel etc mischen, anmachen
    3. TECH
    a) Gusseisen tempern, glühfrischen
    b) Glas vorspannen, verspannen
    c) Kunststoff härten
    4. MUS ein Klavier etc temperieren
    C v/i TECH den richtigen Härtegrad erreichen oder haben
    * * *
    1. noun
    1) (disposition) Naturell, das

    be in a good/bad temper — gute/schlechte Laune haben; gut/schlecht gelaunt sein

    be in a foul or filthy temper — eine miese Laune haben (ugs.)

    keep/lose one's temper — sich beherrschen/die Beherrschung verlieren

    fit/outburst of temper — Wutanfall, der/-ausbruch, der

    be in/get into a temper — wütend sein/werden ( over wegen)

    2. transitive verb
    mäßigen; mildern [Trostlosigkeit, Strenge, Kritik]
    * * *
    n.
    Gereiztheit f.
    Laune -n f.
    Naturell -e n.
    Stimmung -n f.
    Temperament n.
    Veranlagung f.
    Wut nur sing. f.
    Zorn nur sing. m. v.
    anmachen (Farbe, Mörtel, Ton) v.
    mischen v.
    mäßigen v.

    English-german dictionary > temper

  • 9 blaze

    I
    1. bleiz noun
    1) (a bright light or fire: A neighbour rescued her from the blaze.) llamarada, incendio; resplandor
    2) (an outburst (of anger, emotion etc): a blaze of fury.) arranque, explosión
    3) (a bright display: a blaze of colour.) fulgor, resplandor

    2. verb
    ((of a fire, the sun) to burn, shine brightly.) fulgurar, resplandecer

    II bleiz
    blaze1 n incendio / llamaradas
    blaze2 vb arder / estar encendido
    tr[bleɪz]
    1 (fire) incendio
    2 (flame) llamarada
    4 (outburst) arranque nombre masculino, acceso
    1 (fire) arder
    2 (sun) brillar con fuerza
    3 (light) resplandecer
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to go like blazes ir a toda pastilla, ir a todo gas
    to be a blaze of colour estar resplandeciente de color
    to blaze with anger echar chispas
    in a blaze of publicity a bombo y platillo
    go to blazes! familiar ¡vete a la porra!
    what the blazes...? familiar ¿qué demonios...?
    ————————
    tr[bleɪz]
    1 (of trumpets) fanfarria, toque nombre masculino de trompeta
    ————————
    tr[bleɪz]
    1 (on animal's face) mancha blanca en la frente
    \
    SMALLIDIOMATIC EXPRESSION/SMALL
    to blaze a trail abrir un camino
    blaze ['bleɪz] v, blazed ; blazing vi
    shine: arder, brillar, resplandecer
    blaze vt
    mark: marcar, señalar
    to blaze a trail: abrir un camino
    1) fire: fuego m
    2) brightness: resplandor m, brillantez f
    3) outburst: arranque m
    a blaze of anger: un arranque de cólera
    4) display: alarde m, llamarada f
    a blaze of color: un derroche de color
    n.
    • alegrón s.m.
    • estrella s.f.
    • fogata s.f.
    • hoguera s.f.
    • incendio s.m.
    • llama (flama) s.f.
    • llamarada s.f.
    • resplandor s.m.
    • señal s.f.
    v.
    • arder v.
    • encender v.
    • flagrar v.
    • llamear v.
    • proclamar v.

    I bleɪz
    1)
    a) c ( in grate) fuego m; ( bonfire) fogata f, hoguera f; ( flames) llamaradas fpl
    b) c ( dangerous fire) (journ) incendio m
    2) ( dazzling display) (no pl)
    3) blazes pl ( hell) (colloq & euph)

    how/what the blazes... ? — ¿cómo/qué demonios or diablos... ? (fam)

    like blazes — ( very fast) como un bólido (fam)


    II
    a) \<\<fire\>\> arder; \<\<lights\>\> brillar, resplandecer*
    b) \<\<eyes\>\> centellear

    I [bleɪz]
    1. N
    1) (=fire) (in hearth) fuego m ; (=flare-up) llamarada f ; [of buildings etc] incendio m ; (=bonfire) hoguera f ; (=glow) [of fire, sun etc] resplandor m
    2) (=display) derroche m
    3) (=outburst) arranque m
    4) †
    **

    what the blazes...? — ¿qué diablos...? *

    go to blazes! — ¡vete a la porra! *

    2. VI
    1) [fire] arder; [light] resplandecer
    2) [eyes] centellear

    to blaze with anger — estar muy indignado, echar chispas *

    3.
    VT

    II [bleɪz]
    1.
    N (on animal) mancha f blanca; (on tree) señal f
    2.
    VT [+ tree] marcar

    to blaze a trail — (also fig) abrir camino

    * * *

    I [bleɪz]
    1)
    a) c ( in grate) fuego m; ( bonfire) fogata f, hoguera f; ( flames) llamaradas fpl
    b) c ( dangerous fire) (journ) incendio m
    2) ( dazzling display) (no pl)
    3) blazes pl ( hell) (colloq & euph)

    how/what the blazes... ? — ¿cómo/qué demonios or diablos... ? (fam)

    like blazes — ( very fast) como un bólido (fam)


    II
    a) \<\<fire\>\> arder; \<\<lights\>\> brillar, resplandecer*
    b) \<\<eyes\>\> centellear

    English-spanish dictionary > blaze

  • 10 emoción

    emoción sustantivo femenino ( sentimiento) emotion; (expectación, excitación) excitement;
    ◊ ¡qué emoción! how exciting!

    emoción sustantivo femenino
    1 (sentimiento) emotion
    2 (nerviosismo, expectación) excitement: con la emoción me olvidé de llamarte, I was so excited that I forgot to call you ' emoción' also found in these entries: Spanish: conmoción - embargar - emocionar - impresión - nudo - sacudir - sensación - temblar - vibrar - entrecortado - intenso - llorar - reflejar - sentimiento - sentir - sorpresa - uy - viveza English: break - control - cover up - curb - dam up - damp - deep - deepen - depth - dormant - emotion - emotionalism - excitement - exhibit - feel - force back - great - joy - outburst - overcome - overpower - overwhelm - pass - pass off - possess - powerful - profess - sham - shame - sharpen - shock - show - sniff - stir - strength - strong - subdue - suppress - thrill - violent - wave - wrench - flurry - move

    English-spanish dictionary > emoción

  • 11 temper

    ['tempə]
    n
    1) характер, нрав, душевный склад

    She says so out of ill temper. — Она так говорит из-за своего плохого характера.

    We have had a taste of his temper. — Мы на себе испытали его нрав.

    - urgent temper of youth
    - man of a hot temper
    - have an even temper
    - spoil smb's temper
    - show temper
    2) самообладание, сдержанность

    My temper is often tried by noise. — Шум нередко подвергает испытанию мою выдержку.

    - restrain one's temper
    - master one's temper
    - recover one's temper
    - put smb out of temper
    - lose one's temper for nothing     - in an outburst of temper
    - have a hot temper
    - be in a temper
    - fly into a temper
    4) настроение, расположение духа

    I never saw him out of temper. — Я не видел, чтобы он когда-либо был не в настроении/чтобы он сердился.

    - be in a good temper
    - be out of temper
    - be in no temper for smth
    - be in no temper to do smth
    - be in no temper for a serious talk
    •
    CHOICE OF WORDS:
    (1.) Русское существительное "характер" (как совокупность психических черт человека) передается английскими словами temper 1., nature и character. Существительные temper и nature обозначают поведение, привычки человека в повседневном общении с другими людьми. Существительное temper предполагает характтер, сложившийся в результате жизненного опыта, общения с людьми и изменяющийся под их воздействием: to have a sociable (cool, cheerful) temper быть по характеру общительным (хладнокровным, бодрым); Her temper improved with years. С годами у нее характер стал лучше. Существительное nature подразумевает врожденные или унаследованные свойства: a cruel (cheerful) person by nature жестокий (весёлый) по природе/по характеру человек; nothing could change his difficult nature ничто не могло изменить его трудный характер/нрав. Существительное character, в отличие от temper, подразумевает оценку характера, психического склада человека с точки зрения моральных норм: a man of strong (of weak) character человек сильного (слабого) характера. (2.) Существительное character имеет также значение, не свойственное русскому существительному характер, а именно - персонаж, герой: the main character of the novel главный герой романа. (3.) See hero, n

    English-Russian combinatory dictionary > temper

  • 12 Chronology

      15,000-3,000 BCE Paleolithic cultures in western Portugal.
      400-200 BCE Greek and Carthaginian trade settlements on coast.
      202 BCE Roman armies invade ancient Lusitania.
      137 BCE Intensive Romanization of Lusitania begins.
      410 CE Germanic tribes — Suevi and Visigoths—begin conquest of Roman Lusitania and Galicia.
      714—16 Muslims begin conquest of Visigothic Lusitania.
      1034 Christian Reconquest frontier reaches Mondego River.
      1064 Christians conquer Coimbra.
      1139 Burgundian Count Afonso Henriques proclaims himself king of Portugal; birth of Portugal. Battle of Ourique: Afonso Henriques defeats Muslims.
      1147 With English Crusaders' help, Portuguese seize Lisbon from Muslims.
      1179 Papacy formally recognizes Portugal's independence (Pope Alexander III).
      1226 Campaign to reclaim Alentejo from Muslims begins.
      1249 Last Muslim city (Silves) falls to Portuguese Army.
      1381 Beginning of third war between Castile and Portugal.
      1383 Master of Aviz, João, proclaimed regent by Lisbon populace.
      1385 April: Master of Aviz, João I, proclaimed king of Portugal by Cortes of Coimbra. 14 August: Battle of Aljubarrota, Castilians defeated by royal forces, with assistance of English army.
      1394 Birth of "Prince Henry the Navigator," son of King João I.
      1415 Beginning of overseas expansion as Portugal captures Moroccan city of Ceuta.
      1419 Discovery of Madeira Islands.
      1425-28 Prince D. Pedro, older brother of Prince Henry, travels in Europe.
      1427 Discovery (or rediscovery?) of Azores Islands.
      1434 Prince Henry the Navigator's ships pass beyond Cape Bojador, West Africa.
      1437 Disaster at Tangier, Morocco, as Portuguese fail to capture city.
      1441 First African slaves from western Africa reach Portugal.
      1460 Death of Prince Henry. Portuguese reach what is now Senegal, West Africa.
      1470s Portuguese explore West African coast and reach what is now Ghana and Nigeria and begin colonizing islands of São Tomé and Príncipe.
      1479 Treaty of Alcáçovas between kings of Portugal and Spain.
      1482 Portuguese establish post at São Jorge da Mina, Gold Coast (now Ghana).
      1482-83 Portuguese navigator Diogo Cão reaches mouth of Congo River and Angola.
      1488 Navigator Bartolomeu Dias rounds Cape of Good Hope, South Africa, and finds route to Indian Ocean.
      1492-93 Columbus's first voyage to West Indies.
      1493 Columbus visits Azores and Portugal on return from first voyage; tells of discovery of New World. Treaty of Tordesillas signed between kings of Portugal and Spain: delimits spheres of conquest with line 370 leagues west of Cape Verde Islands (claimed by Portugal); Portugal's sphere to east of line includes, in effect, Brazil.
       King Manuel I and Royal Council decide to continue seeking all-water route around Africa to Asia.
       King Manuel I expels unconverted Jews from Portugal.
      1497-99 Epic voyage of Vasco da Gama from Portugal around Africa to west India, successful completion of sea route to Asia project; da Gama returns to Portugal with samples of Asian spices.
      1500 Bound for India, Navigator Pedro Álvares Cabral "discovers" coast of Brazil and claims it for Portugal.
      1506 Anti-Jewish riots in Lisbon.
       Battle of Diu, India; Portugal's command of Indian Ocean assured for some time with Francisco de Almeida's naval victory over Egyptian and Gujerati fleets.
       Afonso de Albuquerque conquers Goa, India; beginning of Portuguese hegemony in south Asia.
       Portuguese conquest of Malacca; commerce in Spice Islands.
      1519 Magellan begins circumnavigation voyage.
      1536 Inquisition begins in Portugal.
      1543 Portuguese merchants reach Japan.
      1557 Portuguese merchants granted Chinese territory of Macau for trading factory.
      1572 Luís de Camões publishes epic poem, Os Lusíadas.
      1578 Battle of Alcácer-Quivir; Moroccan forces defeat army of King Sebastião of Portugal; King Sebastião dies in battle. Portuguese succession crisis.
      1580 King Phillip II of Spain claims and conquers Portugal; Spanish rule of Portugal, 1580-1640.
      1607-24 Dutch conquer sections of Asia and Brazil formerly held by Portugal.
      1640 1 December: Portuguese revolution in Lisbon overthrows Spanish rule, restores independence. Beginning of Portugal's Braganza royal dynasty.
      1654 Following Dutch invasions and conquest of parts of Brazil and Angola, Dutch expelled by force.
      1661 Anglo-Portuguese Alliance treaty signed: England pledges to defend Portugal "as if it were England itself." Queen Catherine of Bra-ganza marries England's Charles II.
      1668 February: In Portuguese-Spanish peace treaty, Spain recognizes independence of Portugal, thus ending 28-year War of Restoration.
      1703 Methuen Treaties signed, key commercial trade agreement and defense treaty between England and Portugal.
      1750 Pombal becomes chief minister of King José I.
      1755 1 November: Massive Lisbon earthquake, tidal wave, and fire.
      1759 Expulsion of Jesuits from Portugal and colonies.
      1761 Slavery abolished in continental Portugal.
      1769 Abandonment of Mazagão, Morocco, last Portuguese outpost.
      1777 Pombal dismissed as chief minister by Queen Maria I, after death of José I.
      1791 Portugal and United States establish full diplomatic relations.
      1807 November: First Napoleonic invasion; French forces under Junot conquer Portugal. Royal family flees to colony of Brazil and remains there until 1821.
      1809 Second French invasion of Portugal under General Soult.
      1811 Third French invasion of Portugal under General Masséna.
      1813 Following British general Wellington's military victories, French forces evacuate Portugal.
      1817 Liberal, constitutional movements against absolutist monarchist rule break out in Brazil (Pernambuco) and Portugal (Lisbon, under General Gomes Freire); crushed by government. British marshal of Portugal's army, Beresford, rules Portugal.
       Liberal insurrection in army officer corps breaks out in Cadiz, Spain, and influences similar movement in Portugal's armed forces first in Oporto.
       King João VI returns from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, and early draft of constitution; era of constitutional monarchy begins.
      1822 7 September: João VI's son Pedro proclaims independence of
       Brazil from Portugal and is named emperor. 23 September: Constitution of 1822 ratified.
       Portugal recognizes sovereign independence of Brazil.
       King João VI dies; power struggle for throne ensues between his sons, brothers Pedro and Miguel; Pedro, emperor of Brazil, abdicates Portuguese throne in favor of his daughter, D. Maria II, too young to assume crown. By agreement, Miguel, uncle of D. Maria, is to accept constitution and rule in her stead.
      1828 Miguel takes throne and abolishes constitution. Sections of Portugal rebel against Miguelite rule.
      1831 Emperor Pedro abdicates throne of Brazil and returns to Portugal to expel King Miguel from Portuguese throne.
      1832-34 Civil war between absolutist King Miguel and constitutionalist Pedro, who abandons throne of Brazil to restore his young daughter Maria to throne of Portugal; Miguel's armed forces defeated by those of Pedro. Miguel leaves for exile and constitution (1826 Charter) is restored.
      1834-53 Constitutional monarchy consolidated under rule of Queen Maria II, who dies in 1853.
      1851-71 Regeneration period of economic development and political stability; public works projects sponsored by Minister Fontes Pereira de Melo.
      1871-90 Rotativism period of alternating party governments; achieves political stability and less military intervention in politics and government. Expansion of colonial territory in tropical Africa.
       January: Following territorial dispute in central Africa, Britain delivers "Ultimatum" to Portugal demanding withdrawal of Portugal's forces from what is now Malawi and Zimbabwe. Portugal's government, humiliated in accepting demand under threat of a diplomatic break, falls. Beginning of governmental and political instability; monarchist decline and republicanism's rise.
       Anglo-Portuguese treaties signed relating to delimitation of frontiers in colonial Africa.
      1899 Treaty of Windsor; renewal of Anglo-Portuguese defense and friendship alliance.
      1903 Triumphal visit of King Edward VII to Portugal.
      1906 Politician João Franco supported by King Carlos I in dictatorship to restore order and reform.
      1908 1 February: Murder in Lisbon of King Carlos I and his heir apparent, Prince Dom Luís, by Portuguese anarchists. Eighteen-year-old King Manuel II assumes throne.
      1910 3-5 October: Following republican-led military insurrection in armed forces, monarchy falls and first Portuguese republic is proclaimed. Beginning of unstable, economically troubled, parliamentary republic form of government.
       May: Violent insurrection in Lisbon overturns government of General Pimenta de Castro; nearly a thousand casualties from several days of armed combat in capital.
       March: Following Portugal's honoring ally Britain's request to confiscate German shipping in Portuguese harbors, Germany declares war on Portugal; Portugal enters World War I on Allied side.
       Portugal organizes and dispatches Portuguese Expeditionary Corps to fight on the Western Front. 9 April: Portuguese forces mauled by German offensive in Battle of Lys. Food rationing and riots in Lisbon. Portuguese military operations in Mozambique against German expedition's invasion from German East Africa. 5 December: Authoritarian, presidentialist government under Major Sidónio Pais takes power in Lisbon, following a successful military coup.
      1918 11 November: Armistice brings cessation of hostilities on Western Front in World War I. Portuguese expeditionary forces stationed in Angola, Mozambique, and Flanders begin return trip to Portugal. 14 December: President Sidónio Pais assassinated. Chaotic period of ephemeral civil war ensues.
      1919-21 Excessively unstable political period, including January
      1919 abortive effort of Portuguese monarchists to restore Braganza dynasty to power. Republican forces prevail, but level of public violence, economic distress, and deprivation remains high.
      1921 October: Political violence attains peak with murder of former prime minister and other prominent political figures in Lisbon. Sectors of armed forces and Guarda Nacional Republicana are mutinous. Year of financial and corruption scandals, including Portuguese bank note (fraud) case; military court acquits guilty military insurrectionists, and one military judge declares "the country is sick."
       28 May: Republic overthrown by military coup or pronunciamento and conspiracy among officer corps. Parliament's doors locked and parliament closed for nearly nine years to January 1935. End of parliamentary republic, Western Europe's most unstable political system in this century, beginning of the Portuguese dictatorship, after 1930 known as the Estado Novo. Officer corps assumes reins of government, initiates military censorship of the press, and suppresses opposition.
       February: Military dictatorship under General Óscar Carmona crushes failed republican armed insurrection in Oporto and Lisbon.
       April: Military dictatorship names Professor Antônio de Oliveira Salazar minister of finance, with dictatorial powers over budget, to stabilize finances and rebuild economy. Insurrectionism among military elements continues into 1931.
      1930 Dr. Salazar named minister for colonies and announces balanced budgets. Salazar consolidates support by various means, including creation of official regime "movement," the National Union. Salazar engineers Colonial Act to ensure Lisbon's control of bankrupt African colonies by means of new fiscal controls and centralization of authority. July: Military dictatorship names Salazar prime minister for first time, and cabinet composition undergoes civilianization; academic colleagues and protégés plan conservative reform and rejuvenation of society, polity, and economy. Regime comes to be called the Estado Novo (New State). New State's constitution ratified by new parliament, the National Assembly; Portugal described in document as "unitary, corporative Republic" and governance influenced by Salazar's stern personality and doctrines such as integralism, Catholicism, and fiscal conservatism.
      1936 Violent instability and ensuing civil war in neighboring Spain, soon internationalized by fascist and communist intervention, shake Estado Novo regime. Pseudofascist period of regime features creation of imitation Fascist institutions to defend regime from leftist threats; Portugal institutes "Portuguese Youth" and "Portuguese Legion."
      1939 3 September: Prime Minister Salazar declares Portugal's neutrality in World War II. October: Anglo-Portuguese agreement grants naval and air base facilities to Britain and later to United States for Battle of the Atlantic and Normandy invasion support. Third Reich protests breach of Portugal's neutrality.
       6 June: On day of Allies' Normandy invasion, Portugal suspends mining and export of wolfram ore to both sides in war.
       8 May: Popular celebrations of Allied victory and Fascist defeat in Lisbon and Oporto coincide with Victory in Europe Day. Following managed elections for Estado Novo's National Assembly in November, regime police, renamed PIDE, with increased powers, represses opposition.
      1947 Abortive military coup in central Portugal easily crushed by regime. Independence of India and initiation of Indian protests against Portuguese colonial rule in Goa and other enclaves.
      1949 Portugal becomes founding member of NATO.
      1951 Portugal alters constitution and renames overseas colonies "Overseas Provinces." Portugal and United States sign military base agreements for use of air and naval facilities in Azores Islands and military aid to Lisbon. President Carmona dies in office, succeeded by General Craveiro Lopes (1951-58). July: Indians occupy enclave of Portuguese India (dependency of Damão) by means of passive resistance movement. August: Indian passive resistance movement in Portuguese India repelled by Portuguese forces with loss of life. December: With U.S. backing, Portugal admitted as member of United Nations (along with Spain). Air force general Humberto Delgado, in opposition, challenges Estado Novo's hand-picked successor to Craveiro Lopes, Admiral Américo Tomás. Delgado rallies coalition of democratic, liberal, and communist opposition but loses rigged election and later flees to exile in Brazil. Portugal joins European Free Trade Association (EFTA).
       January and February: Estado Novo rocked by armed African insurrection in northern Angola, crushed by armed forces. Hijacking of Portuguese ocean liner by ally of Delgado, Captain Henrique Galvão. April: Salazar defeats attempted military coup and reshuffles cabinet with group of younger figures who seek to reform colonial rule and strengthen the regime's image abroad. 18 December: Indian army rapidly defeats Portugal's defense force in Goa, Damão, and Diu and incorporates Portugal's Indian possessions into Indian Union. January: Abortive military coup in Beja, Portugal.
      1965 February: General Delgado and his Brazilian secretary murdered and secretly buried near Spanish frontier by political police, PIDE.
      1968 August and September: Prime Minister Salazar, aged 79, suffers crippling stoke. President Tomás names former cabinet officer Marcello Caetano as Salazar's successor. Caetano institutes modest reforms in Portugal and overseas.
      1971 Caetano government ratifies amended constitution that allows slight devolution and autonomy to overseas provinces in Africa and Asia. Right-wing loyalists oppose reforms in Portugal. 25 April: Military coup engineered by Armed Forces Movement overthrows Estado Novo and establishes provisional government emphasizing democratization, development, and decolonization. Limited resistance by loyalists. President Tomás and Premier Caetano flown to exile first in Madeira and then in Brazil. General Spínola appointed president. September: Revolution moves to left, as President Spínola, thwarted in his program, resigns.
       March: Military coup by conservative forces fails, and leftist response includes nationalization of major portion of economy. Polarization between forces and parties of left and right. 25 November: Military coup by moderate military elements thwarts leftist forces. Constituent Assembly prepares constitution. Revolution moves from left to center and then right.
       March: Constitution ratified by Assembly of the Republic. 25 April: Second general legislative election gives largest share of seats to Socialist Party (PS). Former oppositionist lawyer, Mário Soares, elected deputy and named prime minister.
      1977-85 Political pendulum of democratic Portugal moves from center-left to center-right, as Social Democratic Party (PSD) increases hold on assembly and take office under Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. July
      1985 elections give edge to PSD who advocate strong free-enterprise measures and revision of leftist-generated 1976 Constitution, amended modestly in 1982.
      1986 January: Portugal joins European Economic Community (EEC).
      1987 July: General, legislative elections for assembly give more than 50 percent to PSD led by Prime Minister Cavaco Silva. For first time, since 1974, Portugal has a working majority government.
      1989 June: Following revisions of 1976 Constitution, reprivatization of economy begins, under PS government.
       January: Presidential elections, Mário Soares reelected for second term. July: General, legislative elections for assembly result in new PSD victory and majority government.
       January-July: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Economic Community (EEC). December: Tariff barriers fall as fully integrated Common Market established in the EEC.
       November: Treaty of Maastricht comes into force. The EEC officially becomes the European Union (EU). Portugal is signatory with 11 other member-nations.
       October: General, legislative elections for assembly result in PS victory and naming of Prime Minister Guterres. PS replace PSD as leading political party. November: Excavations for Lisbon bank uncover ancient Phoenician, Roman, and Christian ruins.
       January: General, presidential elections; socialist Jorge Sampaio defeats PSD's Cavaco Silva and assumes presidency from Dr. Mário Soares. July: Community of Portuguese Languages Countries (CPLP) cofounded by Portugal and Brazil.
       May-September: Expo '98 held in Lisbon. Opening of Vasco da Gama Bridge across Tagus River, Europe's longest (17 kilometers/ 11 miles). June: National referendum on abortion law change defeated after low voter turnout. November: National referendum on regionaliza-tion and devolution of power defeated after another low voter turnout.
       October: General, legislative elections: PS victory over PSD lacks clear majority in parliament. Following East Timor referendum, which votes for independence and withdrawal of Indonesia, outburst of popular outrage in streets, media, and communications of Portugal approves armed intervention and administration of United Nations (and withdrawal of Indonesia) in East Timor. Portugal and Indonesia restore diplomatic relations. December: A Special Territory since 1975, Colony of Macau transferred to sovereignty of People's Republic of China.
       January-June: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the EU; end of Discoveries Historical Commemoration Cycle (1988-2000).
       United Nations forces continue to occupy and administer former colony of East Timor, with Portugal's approval.
       January: General, presidential elections; PS president Sampaio reelected for second term. City of Oporto, "European City of Culture" for the year, hosts arts festival. December: Municipal elections: PSD defeats PS; socialist prime minister Guterres resigns; President Sampaio calls March parliamentary elections.
       1 January: Portugal enters single European Currency system. Euro currency adopted and ceases use of former national currency, the escudo. March: Parliamentary elections; PSD defeats PS and José Durão Barroso becomes prime minister. Military modernization law passed. Portugal holds chairmanship of Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).
       May: Municipal law passed permitting municipalities to reorganize in new ways.
       June: Prime Minister Durão Barroso, invited to succeed Romano Prodi as president of EU Commission, resigns. Pedro Santana Lopes becomes prime minister. European Parliament elections held. Conscription for national service in army and navy ended. Mass grave uncovered at Academy of Sciences Museum, Lisbon, revealing remains of several thousand victims of Lisbon earthquake, 1755.
       February: Parliamentary elections; PS defeats PSD, socialists win first absolute majority in parliament since 1975. José Sócrates becomes prime minister.
       January: Presidential elections; PSD candidate Aníbal Cavaco Silva elected and assumes presidency from Jorge Sampaio. Portugal's national soccer team ranked 7th out of 205 countries by international soccer association. European Union's Bologna Process in educational reform initiated in Portugal.
       July-December: Portugal holds presidency of the Council of the European Union. For reasons of economy, Portugal announces closure of many consulates, especially in France and the eastern US. Government begins official inspections of private institutions of higher education, following scandals.
      2008 January: Prime Minister Sócrates announces location of new Lisbon area airport as Alcochete, on south bank of Tagus River, site of air force shooting range. February: Portuguese Army begins to receive new modern battle tanks (Leopard 2 A6). March: Mass protest of 85,000 public school (primary and secondary levels) teachers in Lisbon schools dispute recent educational policies of minister of education and prime minister.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Chronology

См. также в других словарях:

  • Outburst (mining) — An outburst is the sudden and violent ejection of coal, gas and rock from a coal face and surrounding strata in an underground coal mine. When outbursts occur, they can be very serious events, possibly even resulting in multiple fatalities.… …   Wikipedia

  • предупреждать выброс — — [http://slovarionline.ru/anglo russkiy slovar neftegazovoy promyishlennosti/] Тематики нефтегазовая промышленность EN to control outburst …   Справочник технического переводчика

  • United States — a republic in the N Western Hemisphere comprising 48 conterminous states, the District of Columbia, and Alaska in North America, and Hawaii in the N Pacific. 267,954,767; conterminous United States, 3,022,387 sq. mi. (7,827,982 sq. km); with… …   Universalium

  • Europe, history of — Introduction       history of European peoples and cultures from prehistoric times to the present. Europe is a more ambiguous term than most geographic expressions. Its etymology is doubtful, as is the physical extent of the area it designates.… …   Universalium

  • List of Dallas episodes — This is a list of episodes of the soap opera Dallas. The original miniseries from 1978 was labeled as Season One when the series was initially released on DVD in 2004. Although Season One officially began with episode that aired September 23,… …   Wikipedia

  • ARAB POPULATION — GENERAL SURVEY Under the British Mandate, 1917–48 In 1917, at the time of the British conquest of Palestine during World War I, the country s Arabic speaking population numbered less than 600,000 persons; in 1947 it was estimated at 1,200,000.… …   Encyclopedia of Judaism

  • Joe Wilson (U.S. politician) — Joe Wilson Member of the U.S. House of Representatives from South Carolina s 2nd district Incumbent Assumed office …   Wikipedia

  • Nepal — This article is about the country. For other uses, see Nepal (disambiguation). Federal Democratic Republic of Nepal सङ्घीय लोकतान्त्रिक गणतन्त्र नेपाल Sanghiya Loktāntrik Ganatantra Nepāl …   Wikipedia

  • education — /ej oo kay sheuhn/, n. 1. the act or process of imparting or acquiring general knowledge, developing the powers of reasoning and judgment, and generally of preparing oneself or others intellectually for mature life. 2. the act or process of… …   Universalium

  • baseball — /bays bawl /, n. 1. a game of ball between two nine player teams played usually for nine innings on a field that has as a focal point a diamond shaped infield with a home plate and three other bases, 90 ft. (27 m) apart, forming a circuit that… …   Universalium

  • river — river1 riverless, adj. riverlike, adj. /riv euhr/, n. 1. a natural stream of water of fairly large size flowing in a definite course or channel or series of diverging and converging channels. 2. a similar stream of something other than water: a… …   Universalium

Поделиться ссылкой на выделенное

Прямая ссылка:
… Нажмите правой клавишей мыши и выберите «Копировать ссылку»